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Plantations review questions
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1. Why did the English King and government wish to establish plantations in Ireland
They wanted to have people in control of Ireland that they could trust to be loyal to England. These new loyal settlers would be Protestant and would introduce English laws and the English language.
2. Explain what was meant by “The Pale”
This was the area around and including Dublin which was the only part of Ireland in the year 1500 that was under English control.
3. Name two powerful native Irish families in the 1500’s
The O’Neill’s and the O’Donnells.
4. What was the very first plantation in Ireland and what was the main result?
This was in Laois and Offaly. They were called King’s county and Queen’s County. Two-thirds of the land was to be re-settled with people from England. However the plantation was a failure because no settlers came from England and only eighty planters who were Englishmen born in Ireland actually came. This number proved to be too small.
5. What happened during the Plantation of Munster?
The Earl of Desmond who owned most of Munster had just been defeated in a war. He was punished by the loss of his lands. The land was surveyed and mapped. It was divided into 36 estates. These estates were then to be given at low rents to people from England. However not enough people came and there was war between the Irish and the new settlers.
6. How did a large part of Ulster become available for Plantation?
The two most powerful Gaelic chiefs, O’Neill and O’Donnell fled from Ireland which meant that a large part of Ulster was without strong leadership. The English King saw this as a good opportunity and he seized their lands and made plans to place new loyal settlers in Ulster.
7. What was the “Flight of the Earls”?
This was when O’Neill and O’Donnell fled from Lough Swilly in Ulster to Europe in the year 1607.
8. How was the Plantation of Ulster organised?
The land was to be divided among three main groups: Undertakers, Servitors and Deserving Irish.
9. Name the Ulster Counties that were to be planted?
Derry, Donegal, Fermanagh, Tyrone, Cavan and Armagh.
10. Which English King was responsible for the plantation of Ulster?
King James
11. Explain what was meant by the term “Undertaker” during the Ulster Plantation
Undertakers were planters who were given very large Estates by the King. They had to take over at least TEN families. They were not allowed any Irish tenants. They had to build a stone castle with a barn.
12. Explain what a “Servitor” was
Servitors were former soldiers in the English army who were owed money. They were also given land in Ulster.
13. Where did most of the new settlers in Ulster come from?
Scotland.
14. What was the main religion of a majority of the new settlers?
Presbyterian/Prodestant
15. How did Londonderry get that name?
The city of Londonderry which was renamed after London merchants came to settle there.
16. How were the new towns different than older Irish towns?
They were carefully planned. They had a central Square or Diamond such as in Donegal Town today. The streets were wide and straight. All the main buildings were in the central area and included a Courthouse, a Jail, a Market house and a Protestant Church.
17. What happened to the native Irish people as a result of the Ulster Plantation?
Many had their land confiscated from them and it was given to the new settlers. Some of the native-Irish became tenants on the estates of the new settlers from Scotland and England. However, others were forced to move away and they often led attacks on the new settlers.
18. Why was the Ulster Plantation the most successful?
Because more people from England and Scotland did come and they stayed. It also helped of course that Ulster was close physically to Scotland. Also a greater mixture of people came, farmers, tradesmen, former soldiers, ministers of religion etc.
20. What were some of the main results of the Ulster Plantation?
Large numbers of people from Scotland and England moved to live in Ulster.
Around 40,000 people came
All were Protestants
Most Scottish were Presbyterian
Most English were Anglican
Planters brought new farming methods
Cleared many forest
Grew huge amount of crops
Flax grown for first time
Potatoes grown for first time
Over 20 new towns created
Towns were carefully planned
Donegal town and Enniskillen good examples
Each town had a church, courthouse, townhall
New and better roads built
Great bitterness created between settlers and Irish
They wanted to have people in control of Ireland that they could trust to be loyal to England. These new loyal settlers would be Protestant and would introduce English laws and the English language.
2. Explain what was meant by “The Pale”
This was the area around and including Dublin which was the only part of Ireland in the year 1500 that was under English control.
3. Name two powerful native Irish families in the 1500’s
The O’Neill’s and the O’Donnells.
4. What was the very first plantation in Ireland and what was the main result?
This was in Laois and Offaly. They were called King’s county and Queen’s County. Two-thirds of the land was to be re-settled with people from England. However the plantation was a failure because no settlers came from England and only eighty planters who were Englishmen born in Ireland actually came. This number proved to be too small.
5. What happened during the Plantation of Munster?
The Earl of Desmond who owned most of Munster had just been defeated in a war. He was punished by the loss of his lands. The land was surveyed and mapped. It was divided into 36 estates. These estates were then to be given at low rents to people from England. However not enough people came and there was war between the Irish and the new settlers.
6. How did a large part of Ulster become available for Plantation?
The two most powerful Gaelic chiefs, O’Neill and O’Donnell fled from Ireland which meant that a large part of Ulster was without strong leadership. The English King saw this as a good opportunity and he seized their lands and made plans to place new loyal settlers in Ulster.
7. What was the “Flight of the Earls”?
This was when O’Neill and O’Donnell fled from Lough Swilly in Ulster to Europe in the year 1607.
8. How was the Plantation of Ulster organised?
The land was to be divided among three main groups: Undertakers, Servitors and Deserving Irish.
9. Name the Ulster Counties that were to be planted?
Derry, Donegal, Fermanagh, Tyrone, Cavan and Armagh.
10. Which English King was responsible for the plantation of Ulster?
King James
11. Explain what was meant by the term “Undertaker” during the Ulster Plantation
Undertakers were planters who were given very large Estates by the King. They had to take over at least TEN families. They were not allowed any Irish tenants. They had to build a stone castle with a barn.
12. Explain what a “Servitor” was
Servitors were former soldiers in the English army who were owed money. They were also given land in Ulster.
13. Where did most of the new settlers in Ulster come from?
Scotland.
14. What was the main religion of a majority of the new settlers?
Presbyterian/Prodestant
15. How did Londonderry get that name?
The city of Londonderry which was renamed after London merchants came to settle there.
16. How were the new towns different than older Irish towns?
They were carefully planned. They had a central Square or Diamond such as in Donegal Town today. The streets were wide and straight. All the main buildings were in the central area and included a Courthouse, a Jail, a Market house and a Protestant Church.
17. What happened to the native Irish people as a result of the Ulster Plantation?
Many had their land confiscated from them and it was given to the new settlers. Some of the native-Irish became tenants on the estates of the new settlers from Scotland and England. However, others were forced to move away and they often led attacks on the new settlers.
18. Why was the Ulster Plantation the most successful?
Because more people from England and Scotland did come and they stayed. It also helped of course that Ulster was close physically to Scotland. Also a greater mixture of people came, farmers, tradesmen, former soldiers, ministers of religion etc.
20. What were some of the main results of the Ulster Plantation?
Large numbers of people from Scotland and England moved to live in Ulster.
Around 40,000 people came
All were Protestants
Most Scottish were Presbyterian
Most English were Anglican
Planters brought new farming methods
Cleared many forest
Grew huge amount of crops
Flax grown for first time
Potatoes grown for first time
Over 20 new towns created
Towns were carefully planned
Donegal town and Enniskillen good examples
Each town had a church, courthouse, townhall
New and better roads built
Great bitterness created between settlers and Irish
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